Accessibility Junior interview questions and answers

75 questions for a Accessibility (Junior) interview - with correct answers, explanations and links to the docs.

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  1. 1.What does web accessibility (a11y) mean?
  2. 2.Who benefits from accessible interfaces?
  3. 3.What is WCAG?
  4. 4.What are the four WCAG principles?
  5. 5.Which WCAG conformance level do most laws and companies target?
  6. 6.What does a screen reader do?
  7. 7.Which screen readers are commonly used for testing?
  8. 8.Why use <button> rather than <div onclick>?
  9. 9.What is wrong with this control?
  10. 10.What is the alt attribute of an image for?
  11. 11.What alt should a purely decorative image have?
  12. 12.An image has no alt attribute. What may a screen reader announce?
  13. 13.Which alt is best for a chart of sales rising 20% in Q3?
  14. 14.Why does heading order (h1, h2, h3) matter?
  15. 15.You want smaller text. Is it OK to use h4 right after h1 for that?
  16. 16.What are landmarks such as <main> and <nav>?
  17. 17.What does a "skip to content" link do?
  18. 18.How do keyboard users move between interactive elements?
  19. 19.Which elements are focusable by default?
  20. 20.Why is *:focus { outline: none; } a problem?
  21. 21.What does :focus-visible help with?
  22. 22.What does tabindex="0" do?
  23. 23.What does tabindex="-1" do?
  24. 24.Why avoid positive tabindex values like tabindex="5"?
  25. 25.How do you correctly connect a label to an input?
  26. 26.Why isn't a placeholder a replacement for a label?
  27. 27.What are <fieldset> and <legend> for?
  28. 28.A form shows an invalid field only with a red border. What's the issue?
  29. 29.How should you mark a required field?
  30. 30.How does autocomplete="email" help accessibility?
  31. 31.When should you use a link and when a button?
  32. 32.Why is "Click here" poor link text?
  33. 33.Which contrast ratio does WCAG AA require for normal text?
  34. 34.What minimum contrast applies to large text under WCAG AA?
  35. 35.Why shouldn't colour be the only way to convey information?
  36. 36.Why is user-scalable=no in the viewport meta tag harmful?
  37. 37.Why are rem units often better than px for font sizes?
  38. 38.Why set lang on the <html> element?
  39. 39.Why does every page need a unique, descriptive <title>?
  40. 40.What is the first rule of ARIA?
  41. 41.What does ARIA actually change?
  42. 42.An icon-only close button has no text. How do you give it a name?
  43. 43.What does aria-hidden="true" do?
  44. 44.Does a screen reader read an element with display: none?
  45. 45.What is a visually hidden (sr-only) class for?
  46. 46.What does role="button" on a div give you?
  47. 47.What does aria-expanded tell a screen reader user?
  48. 48.What is aria-current="page" used for?
  49. 49.A toast says "Saved" but screen readers stay silent. What can fix it?
  50. 50.What is prefers-reduced-motion for?
  51. 51.Why does WCAG limit content that flashes?
  52. 52.What are captions on a video for?
  53. 53.Why is autoplaying audio a problem?
  54. 54.What minimum target size does WCAG 2.2 AA set for pointer controls?
  55. 55.Which keys should activate a native-like button?
  56. 56.Which key do users expect to close a modal dialog?
  57. 57.Where should focus go when a modal dialog opens?
  58. 58.Where should focus go after a modal closes?
  59. 59.How do you mark up header cells in a data table?
  60. 60.Why not use <table> to lay out a page?
  61. 61.Why mark up a list of items with <ul> and <li>?
  62. 62.What does <details> with <summary> give you?
  63. 63.A site scores 100 for accessibility in Lighthouse. What does that prove?
  64. 64.Which is the simplest manual accessibility test?
  65. 65.Why does getByRole("button", { name: "Save" }) make tests better for a11y?
  66. 66.What is axe used for?
  67. 67.What does eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y do?
  68. 68.What does the European Accessibility Act require?
  69. 69.Why check contrast in the dark theme as well?
  70. 70.Why is content that appears only on :hover a problem?
  71. 71.How do you style a custom checkbox accessibly?
  72. 72.Why should a form have a real <form> and a submit button?
  73. 73.Why shouldn't focus or typing alone change the context, like auto-submitting?
  74. 74.What is a keyboard trap?
  75. 75.Why can CSS order or flex-direction: row-reverse cause problems?